ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETER OF FISH TANKS
ABSTRACT:
The water quality has a great importance in fisheries management and aquaculture point of view. The growth and factors responsible for well being of fishes, was found to be dependent upon the quality of water present at the particular habitat. Many factors are responsible for degradation of water quality of many aquatic bodies of the world In the present study water quality parameters like temperature, Dissolved oxygen, pH, Free Carbon dioxide, Total dissolve solid, conductivity and Alkalinity were worked out. In the present study, water temperature ranged from 16.31-17.56 0C was recorded. The pH value 7.6-7.8 of experimental tanks was recorded over the period of experiment. The dissolved oxygen ranging from 5.1-5.5 ppm was recorded over the period of experiment. Free CO2 found to be rare in bore well water and presence indicates the heavy load of organic matter. The absence of free CO2 was observed experimental tank water which indicated the absence of organic matter. The total dissolve solid was recorded in the range of 147-150. The range of 295-300 µs/cm conductivity was observed during experiment. Alkalinity from 65 - 97 mg/l in pond was recorded over the period of experiment.
Keywords: Water quality, Fish pond, disease.
INTRODUCTION:
Water is the essential habitation for fish and other water biology. The reproduction, growth, and developing of the fish are carry out in the water, therefore, there should be a better water quality to ensure the fish to grow and develop, it is very important for fish The aquatic environment governs fish life; hence water quality should be suitable for fish culture. The major concerns of the fish culturist should be to deal with the aspects of water quality that may cause poor growth or death of fish. The quality of water plays crucial role in the availability of the organisms in that particular water body. The changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of the water lead to the change in the abundance and distribution or composition of different living organisms in that water body. The tolerable range of different water quality parameters is different for each species of the fishes. In fisheries and aquaculture, water quality has great importance. Monitoring of water quality parameters during the culture practices has to be done regularly to achieve a good production. It also insures the survival of the cultured organisms. We also know that the organisms classified as cold, temperate and tropical organisms as they live in that area where particular type of environment is present. This can be useful for their normal life process.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The water samples were collected in sampling bottles from experimental fish pond for the estimation of pH, Temperature, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and alkalinity.
Hydrogen-ion activity (pH)
The pH of the water samples were measured with a pH meter.
Water temperature
Water temperature was recorded with the help of ordinary thermometer having range of 0-50°C, with mark up to 0.1°C.
Dissolved oxygen
The dissolved oxygen content of water was determined following Winkler titrimetric method (APHA, 1985).
Calculation
Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) = ml of 0.025 N Na2S2O3 used × 4.
Free carbon dioxide
The free carbon dioxide was estimated by standard titrimetric method using phenolphthalein as an indicator (APHA, 1985).
Calculation
Free CO2 was calculated by using the following expression:
CO2 (mg/l) = 
Where,
A = ml titration for sample
N = normality of NaOH
Total alkalinity
Alkalinity was assessed titrimetrically using phenolphthalein and methyl orange as indicators (APHA, 1985).
a. Phenolphthalein alkalinity
.
Calculation
Phenolphthalein alkalinity was calculated by using the following expression.
Phenolphthalein alkalinity (CaCO3 mg/l) = 
Where,
A = ml 0.02 N H2SO4 used for titration
N = normality of acid (H2SO4)
b. Methyl orange alkalinity
Calculation
Methyl orange alkalinity as mg/l CaCO3 =
Where,
B = ml titrant used for sample to develop pink colour
N = normality of acid (H2SO4)
Total alkalinity (mg/l) = Phenolphthalein alkalinity + Methyl orange alkalinity.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The water quality has a great importance in fisheries management and aquaculture point of view. The growth and factors responsible for well being of fishes, was found to be dependent upon the quality of water present at the particular habitat. In the present study water quality parameters like temperature, Dissolved oxygen, pH, Free Carbon dioxide, total dissolve solid, conductivity and Alkalinity were worked out. In the present study, water temperature ranged from 16.31-17.56 0C was recorded. The pH value 7.6-7.8 of experimental tanks was recorded over the period of experiment. pH is governed by photosynthetic activities (George, 1961) and hence reflected the productive nature of the water body or different aquatic systems (Phillipose, 1960; Hynes, 1970; Trivedi, 1990; Pathak and Bhatt, 1993). Also this study was conducted in post monsoon period and during the post monsoon period pH were increased (Nath and Srivastava, 2001). During the winter dissolved oxygen content were higher in aquatic systems (Gurumayum et. al., 2001; Nath and Srivastava, 2001). The dissolved oxygen ranging from 5.1-5.5 ppm was recorded over the period of experiment. Free CO2 found to be rare in bore well water and presence indicates the heavy load of organic matter. The absence of free CO2 was observed experimental tank water which indicated the absence of organic matter. The total dissolve solid was recorded in the range of 147-150. The range of 295-300 µs/cm conductivity was observed during experiment. Alkalinity from 65 - 97 mg/l in pond was recorded over the period of experiment. Pulatsu et al., (2004) studied the potential impact of trout farm effluents on water quality of Karasu stream (Bozüyük) Turkey, and showed trout farms had a significant impact on dissolved oxygen (DO). Buyukcapar and Alp (2006) found out the water quality parameters of a reservoir from Turkey showed that the water temperature ranged from 9.04 to 25.3 0C, pH ranged from 8.13to 8.15, Dissolved oxygen 8.15 to 10.5 mg/l. Kirkagag and Demir (2007) observed lowest average water temperature value of 13°C was measured in November and the highest average value of 24°C was measured in August in the pond. The differences in average water temperature values between stations were found insignificant. The variations of the average dissolved oxygen values between stations were found insignificant except for August, October and November. El-Nemaki et. al. (2008) showed the ponds of the irrigation water sources showed slightly lower temperature average (18.0°C) compared to ponds that received agriculture drainage water (18.2°C). The ponds with agriculture drainage water had significantly higher dissolved oxygen (7.19) compared to those with irrigation water (6.03), although the water supply showed the reverse. Tekinay et. al. (2009) showed that the dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH of the effluent water were found to be significantly affected by the fish farming activities. Offem et. al. (2011) measured water parameters dissolved oxygen (3.3 mg/l), total dissolved solids (103.2 mg/l), and pH (5.8) showed significant seasonal variation in lake water. The highest values of the parameters occurred between February and March (dry season) and lowest between May and August (wet season).
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