New Zealand’s Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus ) industry is one of the most inefficient mussel aquaculture industries in the world. The industry harvests over 350 billion spat each year to seed its farms, yet only a fraction of these (< 1%) are retained in production from seeding through to harvest, representing an enormous constraint on growth and production . This presentation will provide an overview of research that has been carried out to develop alternative approaches to nursery culture of Greenshell™ mussels to reduce spat losses and improve production efficiency. It will include results from trials seeking to adapt commonly used bivalve nursery culture systems (FLUPSYs) to mussels and provide insights from studies that aimed to identify the nutritional requirements of Greenshell™ spat so that cost-effective alternatives to live phytoplankton for land-based nurseries can be developed . The presentation will conclude by outlining the next steps required to commercialize these approaches to nursery culture, which will facilitate the transformation of the Greenshell™ industry.