Aquaculture Europe 2025

September 22 - 25, 2025

Valencia, Spain

Add To Calendar 24/09/2025 16:00:0024/09/2025 16:15:00Europe/ViennaAquaculture Europe 2025PERCEPTIONS SHAPE SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE FOR AQUACULTURE – BUT ARE PERCEPTIONS SHAPED BY REALITIES?SC 3+4, VCC - Floor 1The European Aquaculture Societywebmaster@aquaeas.orgfalseDD/MM/YYYYaaVZHLXMfzTRLzDrHmAi181982

PERCEPTIONS SHAPE SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE FOR AQUACULTURE – BUT ARE PERCEPTIONS SHAPED BY REALITIES?

Eirik Mikkelsen *,  Katrine Eriksen,  Silje Steinsbø, Thomas Nyrud, Audun Iversen

Nofima

 

 Nofima, Muninbakken 9-11, 9294 Tromsø.

*Eirik.mikkelsen@nofima.no



Social acceptance and social license to operate

 The  concepts of  a social license to operate and social acceptance for an industry or company and  their  activities  have evolv ed  both  in  a public context and in academic literature . Originally used within the mining industry ,  the concepts have  also been  studied within  marine contexts (1), including aquaculture (e.g. 2-3) . M ethods  have been developed  to  try to measure the level of social acceptance  for an industry  or company within local communities or  for a wider population,  and  to understand  what affects it (4-7).

Studies  of mining  have  found empirical support for persons’  perceptions  on  the distributional justice ,  procedural fairness, and confidence in governance to  significantly affect  their  trust and their  level of social acceptance for an industry or company. However, f or aquaculture in Norway, these models have been found to explain the level of social acceptance to a lesser degree (8).  Instead,  the  perceptions of  the aquaculture industry’s environmental sustainability were found to be the most important factor determining the social acceptance level. Yet, t he perceptions on the distribution of benefits from aquaculture were found to be  relatively  important.

Perceptions and realities

 It seems people’s perceptions  to a large degree  shape their social acceptance  for  aquaculture. To what degree  people’s  perceptions are  shaped by  actual  impacts  from aquaculture is however less clear. We will present data and statistics  on the environmental and socio-economic  impacts and conditions of aquaculture in Norway from  previous  studies  and  Norwegian datasets  we have access to (9-11) . This will  be combined  with  data on perceptions and social acceptance from a national survey for Norway (12) into  preliminary analyses  and hypotheses of how local “realities ” affect perceptions and social  acceptance.

References

  1.  Kelly, R., G. T. Pecl and A. Fleming (2017). "Social licence in the marine sector: A review of understanding and application." Marine Policy 81: 21-28.
  1.  Mather, C. and L. Fanning (2019). "Social licence and aquaculture: Towards a research agenda." Marine Policy 99: 275-282.
  1. Alexander, K. A. (2021). "A social license to operate for aquaculture: Reflections from Tasmania." Aquaculture: 737875.
  1.  Moffat, K. and A. Zhang (2014). "The paths to social licence to operate: An integrative model explaining community acceptance of mining." Resources Policy 39: 61-70.
  1.  Zhang, A., K. Moffat, J. Lacey, J. Wang, R. González, K. Uribe, L. Cui and Y. Dai (2015). "Understanding the social licence to operate of mining at the national scale: a comparative study of Australia, China and Chile." Journal of Cleaner Production 108: 1063-1072.
  1.  Olsen, M. S., V. S. Amundsen and T. C. Osmundsen (2023). "Exploring public perceptions and expectations of the salmon aquaculture industry in Norway: A social license to operate?" Aquaculture 574: 739632.
  1. Weitzman, J., R. Filgueira and J. Grant (2023). "Dimensions of legitimacy and trust in shaping social acceptance of marine aquaculture: An in-depth case study in Nova Scotia, Canada." Environmental Science & Policy 143: 1-13.
  1.  Eriksen, K. and E. Mikkelsen (2024). "What affects the level of local social acceptance of salmon farming in Norway?" Aquaculture 588: 740926
  1.  Mikkelsen, E., M. S. Myhre, R. Robertsen and U. Winther (2021). "Making a Web-Portal With Aquaculture Sustainability Indicators for the General Public." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5(184).
  1.  Nyrud, T., A. Iversen, B. I. Bendiksen, R. Robertsen and S. Steinsbø (2023). Havbruksnæringens ringvirkninger – Verdiskaping og sysselsetting 2022 (I n Norwegian: Economic ripple effects of aquaculture (in Norway) – Value added and employment). Nofima rapport 32-2023. Tromsø, Nofima.
  1.  Nyrud, T. and E. Mikkelsen (2021). Familieeierskap i oppdrettsnæringen ( In Norwegian: Family ownership in Norwegian aquaculture). Rapport 22/2021. Tromsø, Nofima.
  1.  Olsen, M. S., E. Mikkelsen, K. A. Alexander, R. Thorarinsdottir and T. C. Osmundsen (2024). "Survey data on public perceptions of salmon aquaculture industry in Norway, Tasmania, and Iceland." Data in Brief 53: 110067.