Introduction
Given the increasing demand for fish and fish products, it is necessary to determine the quality of fish fillets, as quality and nutritional value are considered as a major factor in fish sales and acceptance by consumers (Naeem and Ishtiaq, 2011; Naeem et al., 2016; Shirmohammadli and Mohammad Nejad, 2022). The amount of chemical composition in the aquatic body depends on the type of nutrition, living environment, age and sex of the living creature (Kochekian Sabour and Yasimi, 2011). Therefore, in the present study, changes in the composition of bighead carp meat, which is a valuable bone fish that is bred in many parts of the world, were studied at different weights.
Materials and Methods
For this research, 2 year old bighead carp were used in 4 weight groups as follows: Group A: Average weight 1000 gr, Group B: Average weight 2000 gr. Group C: Average weight 3000 gr and Group D: Average weight 4000 gr. To evaluate the quality of bighead carp meat, 5 fish were separated from each weight group after checking for health and abnormal symptoms and disease in the fish. After biometrics and measurement of fish length and weight, 100 grams of muscle was isolated from each fish sample to evaluate meat quality. The AOAC (1990) method was then used in the Food Analysis Laboratory to evaluate and analyze meat quality. SPSS 22 software was used for data analysis (Shirmohammadli and Mohammad Nejad, 2022).
Results and Discussion
Table 1 shows changes in protein, fat, ash and dry matter quality of bighead carp in different weight groups. The results showed that the amount of protein changed significantly in different groups and a significant difference was observed between different weight groups (p<0.05). So that the highest amount of protein was observed in 2000 gram fish. Changes in the fat of bighead carp showed that there are significant changes in fish with different weights (p<0.05). The lowest amount of fat was observed in the weight group of 2000 grams. But overall results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between different weight groups in dry matter and ash (p>0.05).
The results of this study showed that the change in fish weight has an effect on the quality of the fillet, so that the 2000 gram bighead fish had more fillet protein and less fat compared to other weights. The results of this study are not consistent with the study that was conducted on 500-1600 g silver carp and common carp. Their results showed that fish weight had no effect on fillet quality (Shirmohammadli and Mohammad Nejad, 2022). The reason for this difference can be physiological characteristics, species differences, nutritional conditions, etc. The results of this study showed that 2000 grams of bighead fish has more fillet protein than other weights. Therefore, it is suggested to present fish of this size to the consumption market and for consumers to use it.
Based on the results of this study, the average protein of bighead carp was 10.29 ± 0.89 %, which is much less than fish such as silver carp (14.18) (Shirmohammadli and Mohammad Nejad, 2022), Liza auratus (17.69%), Clupea harengus (18.45), Tilapia zilli (18.80 %) (Olagunju et al., 2012), Orcynopsis unicolor (22%), Euthynnus affinis (24%) (Aberomand, 2012), Otolithes ruber (19.64 %), Scomberomorus guttatus (19.9%), Scomberomorus commerson (19.5%) (Velayat-Zadeh and Askari Sari, 2013). Fat is a component of the chemical composition of the muscle that represents the largest difference in the amount of fish muscle (Askari Sari et al., 2016). The average fat of bighead carp in this study was 8.25 ± 0.67 %, which was higher than the amount of fat in Liza auratus (0.74%), Liza dussmieri (0.25%) (Aberoumand, 2012), Otolithes ruber (1.23 %), Scomberomorus guttatus (2.1%), Scomberomorus commerson (3.4 %) (Velayat-Zadeh and Askari Sari, 2013), as silver carp (14.18 %) (Shirmohammadli and Mohammad Nejad, 2022), and much less than fish such as as common carp (9.42 %) (Shirmohammadli and Mohammad Nejad, 2022), Clupea harengus (11.14 %), Scomber scombrus (12.33 %), Tilapia zilli (18.80%) (Olagunju et al., 2012), Orcynopsis unicolor (16 %), Euthynnus affinis (14 %) (Aberoumand, 2012). According to the present study and its comparison with other studies, the bighead carp can be considered among the fish with medium protein and fat. In addition, due to the high value of protein, 2000 grams of bighead fish can be suggested as an acceptable weight for the consumer.
Refernces
Aberoumand, A., 2012., Proximate composition of less known some processed and fresh fish species for determination of the nutritive values in Iran, Journal of Agricultural, 8(3), 917-922.
AOAC, 1990. Association of official Analytical Chemists, 16th (end), Procedure 984. 25.
Askari Sari, A. Velayat-Zadeh, M. Karimi Sari, V., 2016. Determination and Comparison of Approximate Compounds (Protein, Fat, Ash, Moisture, Carbohydrate and Fiber) Muscle of Four Species of Iranian Mullet. Journal of Marine Biology, Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz. 8 (31), 13-20. (In Persian)
Javaid, M.Y., Salam, A., Khan, M.N, Naeem. 1992. Weight-length and condition factor relationship of a fresh water wild Mahaseer (Tor putitora) from Islamabad (Pakistan). Proc Pak Cong Zool, 12, 335–40.
Kochekian Sabour, A., Yasemi, M., 2011. Fishery production technology. Jihad-e-Agriculture Institute of Applied Higher Education Publications. First Edition. 595 p. (In Persian)
Naeem, M. and Ishtiaq, A., 2011. Proximate composition of Mystus bleekeri in relation to body size and condition factor from Nala Daik, Sialkot, Pakistan. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(52), 10765-10763.
Naeem, M., Salam, A. and Zuberi, A., 2016. Proximate composition of fresh water rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in relation to body size and condition factor from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Science, 53(2), 468-472.
Olagunju, A., Muhammad, A., Mada, S. B., Mohammed, A., Mohammed, H. A. & Mahmoud, K. T. 2012., Nutrient Composition of Tilapia zilli, Hemisynodontis membranacea, Clupea harengus and Scomber scombrus Consumed in Zaria,World Journal Life Science and Medical Research, 2, 16-19.
Shirmohammadli, H., Mohammad Nejad, M. 2022. Comparison of protein, fat, ash and dry matter content of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix fillet. Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 8 (2), 115-126.
Velayat-Zadeh, M., Askari Sari, A., 2013. Measurement and Comparison of Chemical Composition Quality of Muscle Tissue of Three Species: Otolithes ruber, Scomberomorus guttatus and Scomberomorus commerson of Persian Gulf in Winter, Journal of Aquatic and Fisheries, 3 (10), 69-75. (In Persian)