Aquaculture Europe 2023

September 18 - 21, 2023

Vienna,Austria

Add To Calendar 20/09/2023 15:30:0020/09/2023 15:45:00Europe/ViennaAquaculture Europe 2023SUPPLEMENTING FREE AMINO ACIDS MIX ON FEED FORMULATION IMPROVES GROWTH PERFORMANCES, FEED CONVERSION RATIO, RESISTANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND CUTICULAR FORMATION OF WHITELEG SHRIMP Litopenaeus vannameiStrauss 2The European Aquaculture Societywebmaster@aquaeas.orgfalseDD/MM/YYYYaaVZHLXMfzTRLzDrHmAi181982

SUPPLEMENTING FREE AMINO ACIDS MIX ON FEED FORMULATION IMPROVES GROWTH PERFORMANCES, FEED CONVERSION RATIO, RESISTANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND CUTICULAR FORMATION OF WHITELEG SHRIMP Litopenaeus vannamei

Kersanté Pierrick*,  Boonyarath Pratoomchat

 

BCF Life Sciences, Boisel , 56140 PLEUCADEUC –  France.  pkersante@bcf-lifesciences.com

 



Introduction

 Mixes of free amino acids  (MFAA)  obtained from extensive hydrolysis of full protein chains are interesting candidates for aquaculture feeds. In addition to their specific amino acids profile, their low molecular weight  ensure a fast and high level of assimilation  with synergetic effects during the first development stages.  Previous investigations on shrimp (L.vannamei ) underline MFAA positive effects  on  zootechnical performances (Le Reste et al., 2019) and survival in case of bacteriological and viral challenges (Kersanté et al., 2021). The results presented here have been obtained from a study conducted in three different phases to  investigate the effects of a mix of 17 amino acids obtained from extensive hydrolysis of poultry keratin,  on plasma protein (PP), oxyhemocyanin (OxyHc),  minute till  surgical  anesthesia for low  salinity and dissolved oxygen stress test and their PP and OxyHc at surgical anesthesia, growth performance (GP), size variation (SV), feed conversion ratio (FCR), molting frequency (MF), survival rate (SR),  ions  and chitin  in cuticle and cuticular structure of L . vannamei .

Protocol

 To understand the specific consumed period of MFAA  supplementary feed  with 38.5% protein  to sufficiently maintenance for L. vannamei physiology in terms of PP and OxyHc, shrimp were fed three feeds ( control; two concentrations of MFAA as 5g/kg of feed (MFAA 0.5%) and 10g/kg of feed (MFAA 1% ) for 16 days  with three replications. The healthy L.vannamei juvenile with 14.12±0.35 g and 11.67±0.22 cm in size were  held in 15 ppt medium at 100 ind/m2   using 250L rectangular plastic tanks for 16 days.  They were fed 4 times daily with 5% body wet weight . Exp I:  Experimental shrimp at Do molt stage w ere  collected the hemolymph  for examining OxyHc  and PP of day  4, 8, 12, 16. Exp II: It was operated as same at Exp I until 16 days of feeding prior to apply stress test with low dissolved oxygen (LO) and freshwater (FW ).  Both test  checking the minute till  surgical anesthesia (MA) the hemolymph of individual  anesthetized shrimp  for  determination of OxyHc and PP was suddenly collected then transferred to 15 ppt aquaria with well oxygenation to recover and record the number of survivors. Exp III: The two feeds as control and MFAA 1% supplementary feed were operated. Specifications of experimental shrimp and tank including culturing methodology were identical to Exp. I with five replications for 60 days t o determined GP, FCR, SR, MF and SV. After termination, shrimp carapace  at Do molt stage  was individually  sampled for  examining ions, cuticular thickness (CT) and  number of layers (NL) and chitin content using Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive System.

 Results

 The results of Exp I found that  shrimp raised with MFAA supplementary feed with both dosages for 16 days showed significant increase of OxyHc and PP. The results  of Exp II  for low dissolved oxygen stress test  showed  the significant longest period for shrimp fed with MFAA 1% supplementation (p<0.05) until the beginning time to surgical anesthesia (BTSA) (58.3 min) with the significant lowest concentration of OxyHc (1.93 mg/l) (p <0.05) versus with control (2.61 mg/l). In the same manner, PP values of M FAA 1.0% group (330.8 mg/ml) was significantly (p <0.05) lower than  that of control (347.5 mg/ml) . For freshwater stress test, shrimp  fed on MFAA 1% feed  showed  the significant (p<0.05) longest period at BTSA (86.5 min) with the significant lowest (p<0.05) PP values (342.9 mg/ml) while OxyHc values among groups were not significantly different (p>0.05) .

The results of Exp III showed higher significant % of weight gain, average daily gain and specific growth rate gain of MF AA 1% group (p <0.05) than those of control and FCR of MFAA 1% group  was significantly lower (p <0.05) than that of control. % SR , MF, % CV of length and weight w ere not significantly (p<0.05 ) different between groups.

 Interestingly, t he  CT and NL  of  Do cuticle of M FAA 1% group w as  significantly  higher than those of control (p<0.05) .  The cuticle architecture of M FAA 1% and control are shown in Fig 1. The endocuticle layer structure of MFAA 1% group was magnified.

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Epi

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 The percentages of Ca and Mg of  Do cuticle of M FAA 1% group w ere  significantly  higher than those of control (p< 0.05)  versus %Na and %Cl of control  were significantly  higher those of M FAA 1% (p<0.05).   The chitin content of MFAA 1% group showed higher rate (p< 0.05)  than that of control.(+19.4%).

Discussion

 This study underlined some particularly interesting effects of MFAA when applied on juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei . Firstly, regarding growth parameters with positive effects on biomass and feed utilization. Interestingly, we underlined strong influence  of MFAA  on hemolymph composition in term of oxyhemocyanin and plasma protein after the 16 days of feeding supplementation inducing better resistance to low dissolved oxygen and freshwater stress conditions . Monitoring of oxyhemocyanin and plasma protein in hemolymph at surgical anesthesia also disclosed the interest of MFAA as direct source of energy to balance the osmoregulation  during freshwater stress  and maintain life under shortage of oxygen. After 60 days of feeding period, the cuticule thickness and structure was also magnified  in relation with higher examined concentrations of  chitin, but also of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) linked with Ca and Mg carbonate crystals to construct the cuticle and positively influence the molting. These results confirm the interest of MFAA as a sustainable protein source converted into an efficient functional ingredient for shrimp nutrition.

Bibliography

 Le Reste Guillaume, Kersanté Pierrick, Duperray Joël. 2019.  Free Amino-Acids Mix made of Poultry Keratin as a new Functional Ingredient for White Shrimp (Litopeaneus vannamei) feed. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 7(6): 203-209. https://www.hrpub.org

 Kersanté, P., Le reste, G., Diringer, B., Quimi, J., Sergheraert, R., Duperray, J., 2021. Free amino acids mix made of poultry keratin improves survival of whiteleg shrimp post larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei ) challenged with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome virus. Aquaculture International. 29 , 879-890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499_021-00665-x.